Judge — March 15, 1919

# Addressograph Advertisement This page is **not a political cartoon but a business advertisement** for the Addressograph Company, headquartered in Chicago and New York. The ad promotes an automated card-index and addressing machine designed for businesses. The main image shows the Illinois model with stacked address cards and a hand inserting a plate. A circular inset depicts a woman operating the machine at a desk. The advertisement emphasizes the machine's efficiency: it can selectively print or skip addresses as desired, addressing multiple names without manual filing delays. The copy highlights time-saving benefits for businesses handling large mailing lists. A "free trial" coupon is included, and the bottom section lists cities where prompt service is available. This is straightforward early 20th-century business-to-business marketing.

# Analysis of "The New St. Patrick" Cartoon **Publication:** Judge magazine, March 15, 1919 **The Image:** A figure dressed as St. Patrick (with bishop's mitre and stars-and-stripes cape) wields a staff, striking at a writhing mass of snakes labeled with names including "Bolshevism," "I.W.W." (Industrial Workers of the World), and what appears to be "Anarchy" and "Syndicalism." Industrial smokestacks line the background. **The Satire:** This is anti-radical propaganda from the post-WWI "Red Scare" period (1919-1920). The cartoon presents American patriotism as a modern St. Patrick "driving out snakes"—here representing socialist, communist, and anarchist movements perceived as threatening American society. The Irish saint reference likely plays on St. Patrick's Day timing, while the industrial setting emphasizes labor radicalism as the target. The cartoon advocates aggressive suppression of leftist ideology.

# Analysis This cartoon by F. Forrest Lincoln depicts a domestic scene where a father announces plans to take his family to Europe the following summer, though he hasn't yet informed them. The humor derives from the gap between the father's secret intention and the family's ignorance—a common comedic scenario about paternal authority and surprise announcements. The satire likely targets early 20th-century affluent Americans' casual attitudes toward expensive European travel. The well-dressed figures in a comfortable interior setting suggest wealth. The joke plays on how fathers would make unilateral decisions about family travel without consultation, and the dramatic irony of the father's confident certainty about something the family doesn't yet know. This reflects Judge magazine's typical humor: domestic situations revealing class attitudes and gender dynamics of the era.

# "A Change of Sentiment" Analysis This story by D.B. Van Buren satirizes early 20th-century debates over women's suffrage and social activism. The illustration shows women at what appears to be a Women's Suffrage League meeting. The satire centers on Mr. Grimley's evolving attitude. He initially opposes women's activism, citing protective paternalism ("women have to be kept in part of the time") and concern about street safety. However, after attending the meeting and observing women's "ethereal" interest in card games rather than serious political engagement, he softens—finding them harmless and charming rather than threatening. The joke mocks both suffragists (portrayed as vapid) and anti-suffrage arguments (revealed as patronizing pretexts). It suggests women's political involvement poses no real threat to male authority.

# Analysis of Judge Magazine Page This page contains two cartoon panels and accompanying narrative text satirizing political gossip and communication mishaps. **Top cartoons** ("Gossip"): Show a man spreading rumors about Jones's new typewriter (left), then how those rumors were misinterpreted through retelling (right)—a visual metaphor for how information distorts as it spreads. **Main narrative**: Characters named Grimley and Miss Litefoot discuss a pressing issue. Grimley advocates bringing Miss Litefoot into contact with "higher" intellectual movements, while she resists, fearing loss of dignity. The Vice-President's comments about wives causing trouble suggests this relates to women's political participation—likely the suffrage debate of the early 1900s. **Bottom cartoon** ("Jimmy's Big Brother is Home from France"): Depicts children welcoming a soldier returning from World War I, suggesting post-war social reintegration themes.

# "Facts Not Found in Histories" — Judge Magazine Satire This page presents humorous "alternative facts" about famous historical figures, mocking both popular misconceptions and modern absurdities. The column by Clifford Hollander uses anachronistic jokes—attributing modern inventions or concerns to historical figures who couldn't have experienced them. Examples include: the Queen of Sheba never appeared in movies; Lincoln's fame came from a highway named after him (not his actual accomplishments); King Henry VIII's wife-beheading is presented as marital advice; Napoleon's hand-in-shirt pose proved military readiness; and King Solomon never paid alimony (implying his polygamy was fortunate). The scattered jokes below mock contemporary issues: a soldier's uniform fit, a reformed boy who'd have been jailed otherwise, and literary ambitions. The "S.O.S." entry jokes that "T.N.T." means "drinks" in military slang, and U.S.A. products are so expensive they should be called "radium." The top cartoon shows two horses discussing meal preferences—likely simple visual humor unrelated to the text.

# Analysis of Judge Magazine Page This page satirizes the "Pessimist"—a character type born under unlucky circumstances (Friday the 13th, black cat present) whose entire life consists of misfortune and failed hopes. The humor lies in exaggerating how pessimists attract bad luck: fed castor oil instead of sugar, forced into tight shoes, rejected by fraternal lodges despite efforts to join, fired despite working hard, missing trains by mere minutes. The satire's target is the pessimistic worldview itself—the author argues such people are actually **useful to society** (benefiting encyclopedia and stock-certificate salesmen) and deserve "no sympathy" precisely because they're pessimists. The final ironic point: "A cheerful pessimism is the noblest form of philosophy." The companion cartoon "New Thoughts" humorously depicts married couples growing to resemble each other physically. The 1950 dated examples at bottom appear to be additions or references, somewhat unclear in purpose.

# "On the Way to Church" This illustration by Angus Macdonald depicts six well-dressed Edwardian-era figures walking together, apparently en route to Sunday services. The satire likely critiques the gap between public religious observance and private behavior—a common Judge magazine theme. The characters' formal attire and composed expressions suggest they're performing respectability for society, while the title's matter-of-fact presentation hints at hypocrisy. The page's header references multiple magazine sections (Sporting, Financial, Picture Section, Society Column, Sunday Supplement), suggesting this image appeared in a context mixing leisure activities with religious duty—perhaps satirizing how church attendance functioned as social obligation rather than spiritual practice among the upper classes. The specific identities of these figures remain unclear without additional context.

# Analysis of Judge Magazine Page **Main Cartoon - "The Astute Hon."** This satirizes a cynical Arkansas politician (Hon. John R. Boomwaller) promising hillside farmers free whales—an absurdly useless gift. The joke exposes hollow campaign rhetoric: the politician admits the gift has no practical value, yet confidently expects election because voters want "free" things regardless of utility. It mocks both demagogic politicians and gullible voters who support impractical promises. **Supporting Content** The page includes two brief joke pieces: one about a lawyer deliberately delaying estate settlement to earn fees, and another about a bishop remembered only for thanking God before dinner—mocking both mercenary lawyers and insincere clergy. The lengthy text about Homer's Trojan War suitors appears unrelated satire, possibly mocking pedantic classical scholarship or wartime paper scarcity. **Overall Message**: Post-WWI skepticism toward authority figures (politicians, lawyers, clergy) making false or self-serving promises.

# Analysis of Judge Magazine Page This page contains three satirical pieces targeting post-WWI American society: **"Mme. Bombardi: Contralto"** mocks a fake European opera singer—really "Maggie Mulligan from Kansas"—who claims French/Italian fluency and Parisian training while obviously being a fraud. The satire targets Americans' gullibility toward ersatz European sophistication and the entertainment industry's deceptions. **"Where He Found It"** follows a struggling humorist searching for comedy material. He finds vaudeville, musical theater, and dinner parties all unfunny and stale. Only in a chaotic legislative hall—where incompetent politicians literally bungle governing ("tin-whistle tinkers tampered with a nation's vital organs")—does he discover genuine absurdity. The joke: real humor lies in actual governmental dysfunction, not manufactured entertainment. The remaining brief satirical quips mock businessmen planning price-gouging justifications post-war, and New Year's smoking resolutions. Overall, the page critiques post-war American culture: manufactured entertainment, consumer gullibility, government incompetence, and corporate hypocrisy.

# "The New Geography" Satire This cartoon mocks post-WWI geography education. Roy Temple House satirizes how the Treaty of Versailles (1919) created numerous new or renamed European nations and regions—many with unfamiliar, tongue-twisting names like "Engadinia," "Czechoslovaks," "Czecho-Slovaks," and "Jugo-Slavs." The humor lies in the absurdist quiz questions about these newly redrawn borders, products, and customs of places most Americans couldn't locate or pronounce. The joke: schoolchildren and adults now face an impossibly complicated geography lesson because the war radically redrew Europe's political map, replacing empires with smaller successor states. The opening quip—"aren't you glad you graduated before the kaiser abdicated?"—reinforces this: readers escaped school before this geographic chaos was institutionalized into curricula. The other items on the page (Chevrons, Cutting Down, Heard in Eden) are unrelated satirical pieces.