Judge — July 21, 1888 — page 1: what you’re looking at

What you’re looking at

# Analysis of Judge Magazine Cover, July 21, 1888 This political cartoon titled "WHY?" satirizes protectionist trade policy debates of the 1880s. The central figures appear to be British and American politicians or businessmen discussing trade relations, with the American figure (left) confronting another figure about contradictions in U.S. policy. The caption questions why American agricultural and manufacturing interests claim to support "Fair Trade" while their actual policies contradict this stance. The smaller figures in the background, labeled with references to tariffs and trade, suggest working-class concerns about these debates. The cartoon criticizes what it views as hypocrisy: American business interests advocating protectionist tariffs while rhetorically supporting free trade principles. This reflects 1880s debates over U.S. trade policy and agricultural protection that would culminate in the McKinley Tariff of 1890.