Life — April 12, 1917 — page 42: what you’re looking at

Machine-transcribed from the original scan — historical spelling and the odd misread are preserved.

Oil Tests Their relation to Correct Lubrication This important 9 minute talk is based on the 50 years’ world-wide experience of the Vacuum Oil Company vented a machine to determine the compara- tive efficiency of lubricating oils. But one day it was found that crude kerosene oil, by this ma- chine’s test, was the best lubricant. That_ridiculous result will indicate the difficulties which science has al- ways met in trying to judge an oil's eficiency by anything but the practi- cal tests of service. vertheless, during manufacture, certain scientific tests are essential For example: Each batch of Gargoyle Mobiloils is put through at least 35 separate and distinct tests. These tests are not aimed to get at the lubri- cating eficiency of the oil. The sci- entific laboratory tests simply make sure that. the oil is running uniform. Below we outline briefly a few‘of the tests used for this purpose. IMPURITY AND WATER TEST Crude oil comes from the ground, It is liable to contain traces of salt. d, sand, water and other foreign substances held in, suspension. The crude oil which is sub- jected to this test is mixed half and) half with gasoline and poured into a graduated glass Sedimentation jar. The jar is then put into a centrifuge and whirled . During the whirling process the bottom of the jar is thrown outward. The water and foreign substances are forced into the small, graduated end of the jar. The organic foreign substances form a layer between the water and the oil, the sand sinking to the bottom, The graduated scale indicates the percentage of water and of foreign substances in the sample under examina- ons GRAVITY TEST | In this test a weighted bulb with a graduated spindle (hydrometer) is dropped into a tube of oil. The hydrometer floats. But its bottom sinks to a certain depth—depending on the oil's gravity, The gravity is determined by the depth to which the hydrometer sinks, as shown by the markings on the spindle with the oil at 60 deg. F, This test is simply used to determine whether or not uniform weight per gallon is being main- tained. It is constantly used in manufacturing rgoyle Lubricants. FLASH AND FIRE TESTS The flash test is the lowest temperature, which the vapor from an oil will ignite but not continue to burn. If the flash test! is too low, the oil will evaporate from the cylinder walls and bearings when the nor- mal engine heat develops, This would leave the friction surfaces without lubrication. Gargoyle Lubricants always undergo this flash test. ‘The fire test is made with the apparatus used in the flash test. The fire test the temperature at which the ig: hited vapor from an oil will con- tinue to burn. This is another check manufacturing Gargoyle to insure uniformity. But it should be remembered that the flash and fire tests alone cannot determine an oil's lubricating eff- ciency. Gireted years ago a prominent engineer in- used in Lubricants RGOYz CLOUD TEST The oil ut into a screw-capped glass jar. A thermometer passes down through the cover into the oil. The jar is immersed in ice. The oil then Gradually cools. The cloud test is the temperature at which a cloud first forms in the oil and rises about half way up when it about covers the bulb of the thermometer. Pes reading is given as the cloud test. This a laboratory test constantly used in manufacturing Gargoyle Lubricants. COOK TEST Oil can be decolorized by these meth: ods: (1) By Chemical Treatment. (2) By, Filtration. (3) By a combination In filtration Gargoyle Mobiloils are passed through filters containing 20 tons to so tons of fuller’s earth. The cook test determines whether the purification after treatment is complete. he oil for testing is put in a glass beaker. There it is heated for one hour up to 450 deg. F. The oil is then exam ined for discoloration and sediment. The original color of the oil gives no real guide to its lubricating efficiency. Nor does it give a real guide to the carbon content, But, under this cook test, a change from the original color of the oil indicates the degree of incomplete purification. Inder this test the contrast between the discoloration of most oils and the slight discoloration of Gargoyle Lubricants—Gargoyle Mobiloils for example—is very marked. VISCOSITY TEST oN seastyissimply the technical name for what is popularly called “body.” jot this fact mast be borne in mind: Two oils which will show the same vis- Cosity at ove temperature will often decidedly ditfer in viscosity at higher or lower temperatures. ‘The viscosity of Gargoyle Lubricants istestedat three different temperatures Jose 14 and 210" F. In this test the oil is put into a tube surrounded by water or steam which is keptat the test temperature. When the oil reaches the predetermined temperature, a plug in the bottom of the tube is removed. ‘This opens a small standardized tube. ‘The oil is then allowed to flow out of this opening into a giass receptacle of known capacity. ‘The time in seconds required by the oil to fill the container beneath, up to the standard graduation mark, is the measure of he oil's viscosity Gargoyle Lubricants all go through the viscosity test, but the viscosity test alone cannot determine the efficiency of an cil. Gar- goyle Lubricants possess individual characteristics as lubricants, We have tried to make plain the great difference in efficiency which may exist between oils which /aol alike, fee! alike and fest alike. To cope with this puzaling condition, ‘the Vacuum Oil Company has for years maintained thoroughly equipped laborato- ries and engineering departments in many parts of the world. In recommending a Gargoyle Lubricant for a given purpose, we first analyze the operating conditions to be met, then specify the lubricant which is known, from practical experience, to meet the conditions most efficiently: With Gargoyle Mobiloils this situation is met by a Chart of Recommendations which is shown in part on this page. The oils specified for the various cars in this Chart are determined annually by a careful engineering analysis of each model and make of car, ‘The recommendations are based on $0 years of practical experience in lubrication, The formule and methods used in manu: facturing these oils are based on almost numberless practical tests You may sately feel that the oil specified for your car in this Chart will insure— Greater power. Less friction. Less carbon. Lower consumption of gasoline. Less con samption of lubricating oil. Longer life of your car, Mobiloils A grade for each type of motor In buying Gargoyle Mobiloils from your packages. specified for your car, k VACUUM OIL COMPANY Specialists in the manufacture of hi: Obtainable everywhere in the world. every class of machinery. Domestic Branches: Detroit New York Philadelphia Minneapolis for the red Gargoyle on the container. idly write our neares dealer, it is safest to purchase in. original If the dealer has not the grade branch, giving dealer's name and address. » Rochester, N. Y., U.S. A. h-grade lubricants for Hoston Chicago Indianspotis Pittsburgh Kansas City, Kan. Des Moines 7} Correct Automobile Lubrication Explanation: —The toor grades of Garros Mobil for engine lubrcatica, \paribed to remove tree ear: "Gargoyle Mobiloil “A” Gargoyle Mobileil “B Gargoyle Mobiloil “E” Gargoyle Mobiloil “Arctic” In the Chart below. the letter opposite the ear tndi- cates the grade of Gargoyle Mobioils that ebuald he used, or example, "A" means Gargoyle Mobiloit "A." “Are means Gargoyle Mobiloil “aretie,”* ete The recommendations cover all models of both pleas- lore and commercial vehicles ales otherwise noted Bas = >E > fh S| Weer aT ae be > >R>> S>>k>: ESE>: S>¥ E> (ind ee) (tes Sp) Ss Chevrole Ge God Cee ae} Dan iad ©) Detssnay Debra Deeraer ete) > SHE her SF F>: e eeeee pare f, foe 5 ren Ta Seaiia Fg 3¥ i >e > > f> ¥ LEE EEi> fed. F¥o¥okotonaieehk £ ee>. >s3h apie + op ean panes Enod, € 3>395 >F>F>oe>: ped > genet ft FSF SF Fone ky ¥ SEE ¥ yEeeES Fed FES Fe i a > dam f: bork >> B keme § o35e >> ES ‘e Ree> oF Diorrgi>mri> >om>l peri>>>>>ne: biomes Sirti Cait Savion fivrriivronni >> f > fone onboard aeeee bP Foy > >a>m>ia >>k> >> >b>>> >>>>>meda>>> A. >>> > Fa> THESES if Wop F Pee YORE eee > Festa Dooaravrarang >> a>aninrs > >> Fe ReS> SSEE5 E>SEE o> bee? oo: RRS be Sh 8 > > Sim >aek: ai) e> oe 3¥ 305 3e%> pid >a sg sam DER a ogee StiBitiititm@ietit eet ae E3->> > nf tf,> > HEFT >>k>o3 E>! = > a>e >> Stes mm >>> aoae eS >in RAE AES whim >>otsree & >F Ekaosin Faa>35 > SHEE sop svinni> PPPoE yee c F>eEe oeeS>>k CRYRRE, $30 SE. 83 Bitte PRIESTS Electric Vehicles: Por motor bearings sad enclosed chains use Gargogie Mobitoil "A" the year ‘roued. For ‘open chalas and differeatial. use Gargoyle Mobilit “C™ the year ‘reuni jon For winter Iudrication ot pleasure cary soe Gargusle Moblioll “Aretie™ for worm drive sod Gsrgosle Mobitoil "A" for bevel gear drive. comicbooks.com