Judge — October 6, 1900 — page 1: what you’re looking at

What you’re looking at

This cover satirizes **Aguinaldo**, the Filipino revolutionary leader fighting American forces during the Philippine-American War (1899-1902). The grotesque caricature—with exaggerated racial features—depicts him as a malevolent figure, depicted cradling what appears to be weapons or ammunition. The headline "WHO IS BEHIND AGUINALDO!!!" with the subtitle "That fiend who has slain so many American soldiers?" suggests conspiracy theories about foreign powers secretly supporting the Filipino insurgency against U.S. occupation. The imagery reflects American imperialist attitudes of the era: dehumanizing depictions of colonial resistance fighters were common in contemporary media. This represents how Judge magazine used racial caricature to justify American military intervention and frame Filipino independence fighters as barbaric enemies rather than legitimate resistance movements.