Penny Blood: Serial Sensation and Working-Class Entertainment — page 294: what you’re looking at

Machine-transcribed from the original scan — historical spelling and the odd misread are preserved.

CH. XXx11.] SUMMARY. 277 which in the vaporous state it cannot do’. We may therefore look upon the state of igneo-aqueous solution as one, in which the water-substance is in a gaseous state, and that the combination between the water-substance and the rock is probably of that kind, which has been termed “occlusion” of gas by ‘a liquid. IX. In considering the form and arrangement of the inequalities which a thin crust might assume, if it rested upon a liquid substratum which had from any cause fallen away from it, so that it became subjected to lateral compression, the supposition may be made that the crust is flexible—that is to say, that it accommodates itself to its new position by bending without breaking, or becoming thickened anywhere. Under these circumstances the fluid would rise into the anticlinals, The form which such a crust would assume has been approxi- mately determined in the ninth chapter, and it has been shown, that there is no reason to think tbat it accords with the arrange- ment of the mequalities on the earth’s surface. We therefore dismiss this hypothesis. If the crust does not maintain a uniform thickness, 1t must accommodate itself to compression by being crushed together, and thickened in places. The very important consequence follows, that elevations above the datum level will be accom- panied by depressions beneath. The anticlinals will not be filled with fluid from below, but will be the upper portions of double bulges, which will dip into the fluid below, as well as rise into the air above. From whatever cause compression might arise this result would be the same. 1 «The definition of the gaseous state as a state of matter not alterable by pressure alone leads us to a clear division of aeriform matter into two states, the vaporous and gaseous, the first alterable, the second unalterable by pressure alone. Another distinction between vapour and gas is this: gases are solvents of solids; vapours are not. Let’ a liquid be coloured by having some non- volatile coloured solid dissolved in it, and let it be heated under pressure the liquid will remain coloured while the vapour will be quite colourless, and wii s0 remain up to the critical point. Now let the ftuid be raised above its critical point, all the internal space will be coloured, showing that (the contents being gaseous) the gas dissolves the solid while the vapour does not.”—Proc. Royal Soc. Vol, xxx11. p. 412. This has a bearing upon what has been said about the formation of mineral veins, p. 198. CONNEC OOO @ (CO)