Penny Blood: Serial Sensation and Working-Class Entertainment — page 202: what you’re looking at

Machine-transcribed from the original scan — historical spelling and the odd misread are preserved.

CHAPTER XV. COMPRESSION AND VOLCANIC ACTION. Compression not being sufficiently accounted for by contraction of the globe, alternative hypothesis that the cause of it is situated within the crust— Attraction of thickened crust not operative—Intrusive dykes may afford a key to the problem—may be widened by fluid pressure—Eszcess of horizontal over vertical pressure so caused—Their connection with volcanic vents—Hypothesis concerning the constitution of the magma—mode of its elevation in a fissure— Pressure on the sides of the fissure—Comparison of the work of compression with that done against gravity— Mineral veins—Prof. Judd and Baron Richthofen on the relation of volcanic energy to continental movements— Possible additional compression upon solidification of dykes—Analogies of Earth’s crust and ice—Prof. Nordenskidld’s theory of compression—Analogy - of ice disturbed by skaters and Earth’s crust by sedimentation—Corrugation attributed to cracks opening from below, and a continental phenomenon— Views of American Geologists as set forth by Dr Sterry Hunt—Their observed facts agree with the present theory—Effect of increased thickness of crust on. compressing force—Whence the energy invoked—Circulation of rock—Sug- gestion to explain diminished density of continental areas—“ Red clay” of profound ocean. TuHus far the compression, which is known to have affected many regions of the earth’s surface, has been considered on three hypotheses, as arising (1) from a diminution of the volume of the sphere through cooling as a solid by conduction; (2) from the collapse of a thin flexible crust covering a contracting interior and resting upon a subsiding liquid substratum ; and (3) from - a general diminution of the interior beneath a ‘solidified and partially rigid crust through the extravasation of water-substance from beneath it. But we have found that none of these hypo- theses account sufficiently for the phenomena. We will now proceed to examine the alternative hypothesis, that the causes of compression of the crust are situated within the crust itself. At first sight it might seem that, when the crust had been thickened in any region, the increase in the mass of the crust there through thickening might add to the attractive force of GONG oOo CON