Ferme des Boues (Mud Farm)

A caricatured figure in a gas mask and bowler hat drives a skeletal cow pulling a cart labeled "FERME DES BOUES." The cow's body displays red splotches; a bucket of fish hangs from the cart. Hand-colored lithograph satirizing wartime profiteering and food adulteration—specifically the substitution of cheaper fish waste in milk and dairy products. The grotesque animal and masked driver embody public anxiety about contaminated food supplies during WWI. This print exemplifies the European satirical tradition descending from Gillray and Daumier, using bodily grotesquerie and symbolic objects to attack corporate fraud and government negligence. The exaggerated mask presages interwar anxieties about chemical and biological threats, while the composition—figure elevated above the viewer—recalls earlier broadsheet satire's moralizing spectacle.