Godeme! Eu perde mi tempo... (A Man with Five Apes)

This lithographic caricature depicts a frustrated gentleman with a cane confronting five ape-like figures standing upright before him. The text below, in Portuguese mixed with Spanish, translates roughly to "Forgive me—I waste my time... Everyone taught me badly." The print employs the dehumanizing animal imagery common to 19th-century political satire, reducing its targets to bestial forms—a technique inherited from Gillray and Rowlandson and refined by artists like Daumier. The exaggerated features and postures exemplify the caricaturist's toolkit: distortion for ideological effect. Such prints, distributed as single sheets and collected in albums, directly prefigured the sequential narrative and grotesque figure-work of later comics and graphic satire.